Glossary
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Glossary
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| A |
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| A. bahamensis | a species of Aedes mosquito |
| A. triseriatus | A species of Aedes mosquito that transmits La Crosse virus. |
| Acanthocyclops | A genus of copepod. |
| adulticidal | Agent that kills adult forms of insects or other arthropods. |
| Aedes aegypti | The yellow fever mosquito |
| Aedes albopictus | Asian tiger mosquito |
| Aedes cantator | A kind of mosquito. |
| Aedine | a sub-family of mosquito |
| alkaline | basic |
| Amblyospora | A kind of sporozoan |
| anthroponotic | An infection that perpetrates among people. |
| anti-ecdysteroid | A steroid that prevents the larvae from molting. |
| antilarval | an agent or mechanism that kills or prevents the maturation of an immature animal. i.e. mosquito |
| aquaculture | fish farming; in particular, the breeding and cultivation of fish populations for food, usually in ponds built for the purpose |
| aquatic | Living in water |
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arboretum |
a protected park-like environment where trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants are studied for their capacities to thrive in the ecological zone where the arboretum is located; more recently, to that function has been added the role of helping to sustain the genetic diversity of the various species |
| Arbovirus | a large heterogeneous group of RNA viruses, mainly transmitted between vertebrate hosts by insect or tick vectors. |
| Arthropods | Members of the phylum Arthropoda, that includes insects, ticks and other invertebrates with exoskeletons and jointed legs. |
| Aspericornis | Copepod used to control Aedes aegypti |
| autogenous | autogenetic, Capable of producing progeny without a blood meal |
| Azidirachtin | A component of Neem, which has insecticidal activity; extracted from leaves, bark or roots of the Neem tree. |
| B | |
| Bacillus sphaericus | Bacterium that kills mosquito larvae. |
| Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) | A bacterium or bacterial toxin that in larvicidal for mosquitoes. |
| Binucleate | A cell having two nuclei. |
| C | |
| Carroll Williams | A insect physiologist. |
| ciliate | A kind of protozoan that moves by means of hair-like structures. |
| cistern | A well for water |
| Claris fuscus | red fish |
| Coelomomyces | entomopathogens, A fungus that is entomopathogenic |
| Copepod | Any member of the order copepoda, fresh water and marine crustaceans |
| Crocothemis servila | a species of dragon fly |
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cryogenics |
in physics, the production of low temperature systems; in biology, the use of such a system to preserve genetic material, especially in situations where the survival of a plant or animal species that would normally pass on that material in the course of reproduction is endangered |
| Culex | A genus of mosquitoes, some of which are vectors of agents of human diseases |
| Culicinomyces | Fungus that attacks mosquitoes. |
| Culicinomyces | Fungus that kills mosquito larvae. |
| Culicis | A type of Ascogregarine. |
| Cyclopoid copepods | Kind of copepod with one eye (includes Cyclops). |
| D | |
| Dengue virus | In tropical and subtropical regions one of a group of four arboviruses causing the dengue or 'breakbone fever'. In it's severe form, the disease may lead to hemorrhagic fever syndrome. |
| desalination | removal of salt from a solvent, especially seawater, or from another medium |
| desertification | the process by which lands not formerly deserts become deserts, because of changes in temperature and rainfall |
| dike | a barrier, usually of earth or stone, for holding back water in order to prevent floods |
| E | |
| ecdysis | Act of shedding skin |
| Edhazardia aedis | A kind of gregarine sporozoan. |
| efficacious | effective |
| efficacy | effectiveness |
| entomopathogenic | causes disease in insects |
| entomopathogens | A pathogen of an insect. |
| entomophagous | Eats or attacks insects |
| excreta | Solid waste, such as feces. |
| ex situ | growth of a species in a place not previously one of its native habitats |
| F | |
| farnesoic | acid; a hormonomemetic chemical |
| fauna | The animal forms of a region. |
| fossil fuels | fuels, including natural gas, coal, and oil, that began as living matter, and that produce energy by burning |
| Fusarium oxysporum | Cosmopolitan soil saprophyte and specialized pathogenic strains that cause vascular wilt and damping-off diseases. Many of the pathogenic F. oxysporum strains are pathogenic only to specific hosts. |
| G | |
| Gambusia | a fish that eats mosquito larvae |
| gamonts | a developmental stage of certain malaria-like organisms. |
| gene bank | any place, such as a nature reserve, an arboretum, an experimental farm, or a seed bank, where an effort is made to monitor, manage, and protect genetic diversity |
| genetic diversity | usually, the range of characteristics within a species which, over evolutionary time, allow that species to respond to new features of its environment; sometimes refers to the variety both within and across species in a given area, or even worldwide |
| global warming | a possible outcome of the greenhouse effect, with potential risks to human health and habitation in the form of higher sea levels from poles melting and changing patterns of cloud cover and rainfall |
| glumes | Floral bracts (brown to black color scales) found at the base of sorghum grains that are removed at threshing. |
| greenhouse effect | generally, the process by which atmospheric gases, especially carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and cloroflourocarbons, block the escape of heat from the atmosphere, and thereby warm the surface of the earth; particularly, and in current usage, |
| H | |
| hormonomimetic | A hormone-like material that affects insect development. |
| host | Organism invaded by another organism. |
| hydroponics | growth of plants without soil, in a medium that support the plants and holds solutions of nutrients |
| I | |
| Imago | Adult form |
| in situ | growth of a species in one of its native habitats |
| innocuous | harmless |
| inoculum | A microorganism, vaccine, or other agent introduced into the body; infectious material of various origins used to inflict and disseminate a disease to a selected host |
| instar | stage of growth of an arthropod |
| integrated aquaculture | a variety of aquaculture in which the inpu (food, especially) to the fish ponds comes from other agricultural activities on the same farm, and in which the pond's output is used on the same farm as well (e.g. as fertilizer) |
| introduced species | an organism introduced into a habitat by humnas, Typically, introduces species, if they survive, crowd out at least some native species. In adfdition, introduced species typically have fewer defenses against pests and predators in their new habitats, and therefore may only survive for a limited number of generations |
| J | |
| Java | an island in Indonesia (click here for map) |
| K | |
| L | |
| LaCrosse virus | an encephalitis-producing virus that is transmitted by certain mosquitoes. |
| Lagenidium giganteum | Fungus that is entomopathogenic. |
| Libellulid | family of dragon flies |
| M | |
| Macrocyclops albidus | A species of copepods. |
| Macropodus spp. | a fish |
| Malphigian | the kidney of an insect |
| Mammalia | Class of animals consisting of mammals |
| Meiospore | A spore produced during meiosis. |
| Meiotic | Pertaining to meiosis, the process of cell division that results in the formation of gametes. |
| Mermithid | a parasitic nematode worm that eats the internal organs of insects |
| Mesocyclops | A genus of cyclopod copepod. |
| microbial insecticides | A microorganism or microbe-derived product that has insecticidal activity. |
| Microsporidians | A kind of sporozoan. |
| Midguts | Stomach of an arthropod. |
| Moieties | chemical compounds |
| molluscicidal activity | the ability to kill mollusks. |
| Myanmar | Burma (click here for map) |
| N | |
| native species | an organism not introduced into a habitat by humans; occasionally, includes organisms introduced by humans but not in the recent historical past |
| nematocerous diptera | A group of primitive flies including the mosquitoes |
| niche | a habitat in which an organism finds its necessary conditions for living, including food, air, thermal control, and breeding |
| Non-hematophagous | An animal that does not feed on blood. |
| O | |
| Oocysts | A developmental stage of the malaria parasite within the vector mosquito's gut. |
| organic growing | plant cultivation without the use of non-naturally-occurring chemicals as fertilizers or pesticides |
| Orthopodomyia | A genus of mosquito |
| osmosis | passage of a solvent, such as water, from the dilute side to the concentrated side of a membrane, filter, or other semipermeable border. Without added pressure, a solution divided in this way will undergo osmosis, in order to equalize the concentration of the two sides |
| ovipostion pheromones | Odors that attract an insect to lay its eggs in a particular place. |
| P | |
| parapatric | having adjacent ranges |
| parasitism | A relationship in which one animal or species (the parasite) benefits at the expense of the other (the host). The condition of living at the expense of another. |
| parasitizes | Act of obtaining sustenance from another organism. |
| parasporal body | A structure in a bacterial spore. |
| pathogen | Any organism that causes disease in another organism. |
| peridomestic | around the home |
| Pharate adults | An adult (usually insect) still within the cuticle of the previous stage. |
| photolabile | light sensitive |
| photosynthesis | conversion of light energy, primarily from the sun, by a plant into its own food and energy. It is the primary type of reaction by which plants incorporate atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Among its products are atmospheric oxygen. |
| Planaria | flat worm |
| polder | reclaimed land of below-sea-level altitude, in a location from which the sea has been channeled or drained away |
| potable | drinkable |
| progeny | offspring |
| protozoal | relating to the phylum protozoa |
| Psorophora | a genus of mosquitoes |
| Pyrethrum | The insecticide that is extracted from marigolds. (synthetic form is permethrin) |
| Q | |
| R | |
| rain forest | any forest with one hundred or more inches (254 centimeters) of rain per year. May be located in a temperate or tropical zone; in both, characterized by a high density of different species per unit of area |
| reverse osmosis | passage of a solvent, such as water, from the concentrated side to the dilute side of a membrane, filter, or other semipermeable border. Because it makes the concentrations on the two sides more unequal, reverse osmosis requires added pressure to push the solvent in this direction |
| Rotenone | pesticide |
| Rubric | principle; rule |
| S | |
| salinity | the concentration of salt in a solvent, especially water. In tidal zones, salinity varies along a scale, such that the water cannot be classified simply as either fresh water or salt water |
| seed bank | a particular kind of gene bank in which plant seeds are the primary focus in the protection of genetic diversity |
| siltation | accumulation of loose river sediment in such a way as to obstruct of change the flow of the river. Often caused by an increase in erosion of topsoils into river systems; often leads to changes in the normal patterns of, and especially to an overall increase in, floods. |
| Sorghum | Most important cereal grain crop (Poaceae family) in semiarid tropics. |
| spiroplasm | A spiral-shaped bacterial-like organism without cell walls. |
| Sporozoites | The stage of the malaria parasite (or related organisms), transmitted by mosquitoes and is infectious to people. |
| Stegomyia | A sub-genus of mosquito |
| storm surge barrier | a variety of dike whose role is not to hold back a given level of water on an everyday basis, but to hold back a higher level of water that occurs under conditions of high rainfall and wind |
| Striga hermonthica | Parasitic weed on food crops including sorghum, maize, millet and rice. Striga hermonthica, member of the Scrophulariaceae family, is mainly distributed in the semi-arid tropical zones of Africa, in southern part of the Arabic Peninsula and on Madagascar Island. |
| T | |
| target | the object or focus |
| tidal zone | a complex ecological zone at the water's edge characterized by ranges, or gradients, of water depth, composition, temperature, and salinity, by a variety of exposed rocks, still pools, etc., and by a wide range of species |
| Tilapia nilotica | a fish |
| toxicity | The state of being poisonous or irritating |
| Toxorhynchites rutilus | a species of (a mosquito) |
| Toxorhynchitines | A sub-family of mosquitoes whose larvae eat mosquitoes. |
| trophic | Relating to or depending on growth. |
| Trophozoites | The 'ring stage of the malaria parasite within the red blood cells of a person. |
| tropical forest | any forest in the tropical zones; usually, characterized by high temperature and rainfall, thin topsoil, and a significantly higher density of different species per unit of area than a temperate zone forest |
| U | |
| uninucleate | A cell having one nucleus. |
| urban ecology | the study of the relationships between organisms, including humans, and the particular opportunities for, and challenges to, their survival presented by cities. |
| V | |
| vector | An invertebrate (insect, tick or other animal) that transmits an infectious agent, usually between vertebrate hosts. |
| W | |
| wintering grounds | a place where the migratory, and particularly airborne (birds, butterflies, etc.) species go to find warmer weather in the winter. Typically, such grounds cover less area than the species' warm-weather habitats, and are therefore harder for the species to replace should they become smaller or disappear. |
| X | |
| Y | |
| Z | |
| zoonotic | An infection that perpetuates amongst non-human animals and that cause disease in people. |
| zooprophylactic | protective attribute conveyed by an animal that diverts a vector from contact with a person or other reservoir host. |