HORIZON INTERNATIONAL SOLUTIONS SITE

The proposals offer detailed arguments on how to improve the conservation
and sustainable use of the African elephant, the minke whale, the great
white shark, various tropical birds, trees and orchids, numerous turtle
species, the southern white rhinoceros, two species of crocodile, the bald
eagle, several medicinal plants and many other species.

Governments will accept, reject or adjust these proposals for amending the
CITES Appendices at a conference in Bangkok from 2 to 14 October 2004.
These Appendices list species that are at risk and whose import and export
is controlled through a permit system (Appendix II) and species that are
already endangered and that may not be commercially traded (Appendix I).

The African elephant is a regular feature of the CITES agenda.  Following a
1989 ban on the international ivory trade, CITES permitted some one-off
sales in 1997 and again in 2002.  The 2002 sales from Botswana (20 tonnes),
Namibia (10 tonnes) and South Africa (30 tonnes) have not yet occurred
pending the establishment of baseline data on poaching and populations.

Namibia has now submitted a proposal for an annual export quota of two
tonnes of ivory.  Both Namibia and South Africa are proposing to trade
elephant leather commercially in addition to ivory.

Japan is recommending that three populations of minke whale be transferred
from Appendix I to Appendix II.  CITES currently forbids any international
trade in whale products.  Madagascar and Australia propose adding the great
white shark to Appendix II.  No sharks were included in Appendix II until
two years ago, when the whale shark and the basking shark were added.

Marine turtles and land tortoises are under various degrees of threat
around the world, and many are already listed in the CITES Appendices.  Six
additional species are now proposed for inclusion in Appendix II.  They are
the soft-shelled pig-nosed turtle, McCord's snake-necked turtle, the
Malayan flat-shelled turtle, the Malayan snail-eating turtle, the Asian
soft-shelled turtle and the flyriver turtle. In addition, the Malagasy
spider tortoise is being proposed for Appendix I.

Sea animals on the agenda in Bangkok will include the humphead wrasse (a
large and valuable reef fish occurring in the Indo-Pacific), south-east
Asia's Irrawaddy dolphin and the Mediterranean date mussel.  Birds will
include the yellow-crested cockatoo, the lilac-crowned parrot, the
peach-faced lovebird and the painted bunting.

One of the new proposals recommends transferring the African lion from
Appendix II to Appendix I. Other proposals call for easing the trade
restrictions on the bald eagle and the southern white rhinoceros and
introducing the permit system.  The United States proposes removing the
bobcat, now on Appendix II, from the CITES regime.

Three proposals concern crocodiles.  Cuba proposes to transfer the Cuban
crocodile from Appendix I to Appendix II.  Namibia would like to do the
same for its national population of the Nile crocodile. Zambia, whose
population of the Nile crocodile is already listed on Appendix II, is now
requesting an annual export quota of no more than 548 wild specimens.

Madagascar proposes adding the leaf-necked geckos and the coloured serpent
-- considered the country's most spectacular snake -- to CITES via Appendix
II.  Kenya proposes the same listing for two species of viper.

The plant proposals would introduce Appendix II permit requirements for
Asia's commercially valuable agarwood and ramin (or white wood) trees plus
a number of Asian trees belonging to the Taxus genus. Also on the agenda
are an orchid from Colombia and a cactus from southern Africa.

The CITES Secretariat will now review and analyse all of the proposals it
has received.  It will publish its preliminary technical and scientific
assessment of the proposals together with its preliminary recommendations
in early June.

Thousands of species around the world are endangered as a result of human
activities such as habitat destruction, poaching, over-harvesting and
pollution.  CITES was adopted in 1973 to address the threat posed by just
one of these activities: unsustainable international trade. To date, some
166 countries have become Parties to the treaty, making it one of the
world's most important agreements on species conservation and
non-detrimental use of wildlife.

Even after commercial fishing and the timber industry are set aside, the
international trade in wildlife is big business, estimated to be worth
billions of dollars annually and to involve more than 350 million plant and
animal specimens every year. Unregulated international trade can push
threatened and endangered species over the brink, especially when combined
with habitat loss and other pressures.

CITES accords varying degrees of protection to some 30,000 plant and animal
species depending on their biological status and the impact that
international trade may have upon them. Appendix I contains fewer than 600
animal species and a little more than 300 plant species, whereas Appendix
II covers over 4,100 animal species and 28,000 plant species -- seven times
as many animal species and 90 times more plant species.  Appendix III,
which includes species that are protected within the borders of a member
country, lists over 290 species.


The proposals can be viewed at http://www.cites.org/.

For more information, please contact Juan-Carlos Vasquez, CITES
Secretariat, at +41-22-917-8156 or juan.vasquez@unep.ch, or Michael
Williams, UNEP Information Officer, at +41-79-409-1528 (cell),
+41-22-917-8242 (office), or michael.williams@unep.ch.